前期土地利用方式对柠檬园树冠层蚂蚁的影响

Effects of Land Use Type at Earlier Stage on Ants in Crown Canopy of Lemon Orchard

于2016年4月和7月采用树栖陷阱法对瑞丽市3种类型柠檬园树冠层蚂蚁群落进行了调查。结果表明:共采集蚂蚁229头,隶属于5亚科15属26种;3种类型柠檬园树冠层蚂蚁常见种的组成及其多度有差异,其中柠檬园Ⅰ有黄足立毛蚁等3种,柠檬园Ⅱ有黑头酸臭蚁等2种,柠檬园Ⅲ有光颚铺道蚁等3种;柠檬园Ⅲ中树冠层蚂蚁的相对多度和物种丰富度显著低于柠檬园Ⅰ和Ⅱ的;柠檬园Ⅰ中树冠层蚂蚁的群落结构与柠檬园Ⅱ和Ⅲ不相似;柠檬园Ⅰ的指示物种为黄足立毛蚁等2种,柠檬园Ⅱ为印度大头蚁,柠檬园Ⅲ为史氏铺道蚁。因此,前期土地利用方式的差异对柠檬园树冠层蚂蚁群落结构和多样性有影响,且这种影响有一定的时间效应。

In April and July,2016,the ant communities in crown canopy of lemon orchards with 3 land use types at earlier stage in Ruili city were investigated by using tree-trap method.The results indicated that:a total of 229 ant individuals were collected,which belonged to 26 species,15 genera,and 5 subfamilies of Formicidae;there were differences in the compositions of common species and the abundance of crown-canopy ants among 3 types of lemon orchards,there were 3 common species ( Paratrechina flavipes,Anoplolepis gracilipes,and Pheidole indica ) in lemon orchard Ⅰ,there were 2 common species ( Tapinoma melanocephalum,and P.indica ) in lemon orchard Ⅱ,and there were 3 common species ( Tetramorium insolens,Tetramorium smithi,and P.flavipes ) in lemon orchard Ⅲ;the relative abundance and species richness of crown-canopy ants in lemon orchard Ⅲ were significantly lower than those in lemon orchard Ⅰ and lemon orchard Ⅱ;the community structure of crown-canopy ants in lemon orchard Ⅰ was not similar to that in lemon orchard Ⅱ and lemon orchard Ⅲ;the indicator species of crown-canopy ants in lemon orchard Ⅰ were P.flavipes and A.gracilipes,while the indicator species of crown-canopy ants in lemon orchard Ⅱ and lemon orchard Ⅲ was P.indica and T.smithi,respectively.In conclusion,the land use type at earlier stage had influences on the structure and diversity of crown-canopy ant communities in lemon orchards,and these influences had a certain time effect.