控制灌溉对南疆水稻品种生长及产量的影响

Effects of Controlled Irrigation on Growth and Yield of Rice Varieties in Southern Xinjiang

水稻在新疆农业生产发展中具有不可替代的重要地位。但水资源短缺已经严重影响了当地的水稻生产。以新稻11号和新粳2号为材料,比较分析了控制灌溉和常规灌溉条件下水稻的生长需水量、生理生化指标、农艺性状、产量及产量构成。结果表明,常规灌溉处理比控制灌溉处理的分蘖数高,但是最终有效分蘖数及成穗率要小于控制灌溉处理;控制灌溉比常规灌溉每667m2少灌水134.4m3,节水23.5%;新稻11号和新粳2号的产量控制灌溉处理比常规灌溉处理分别增产4.93%和4.42%,控制灌溉处理增产的原因在于其穗长、穗粒数、结实率和千粒重表现均比常规灌溉好。可见,水稻控制灌溉技术不仅可以节约大量水资源,还能提高水稻产量,实现节本增效的目的,对水资源的可持续利用具有重要意义。

Rice plays an irreplaceable role in the development of agricultural production in Xinjiang. However, the shortage of water resources has seriously affected rice production. The water demand, physiological and biochemical indexes, agronomic characters, yield and yield components of rice under controlled irrigation and conventional irrigation conditions were compared and analyzed in this paper, using Xindao 11 and xingeng 2 as materials. The results showed that the tiller number of conventional irrigation treatment was higher than that of controlled irrigation treatment, however, in the mature stage, the eventually effective tiller number and earing rate were less than the controlled irrigation treatment;compared with conventional irrigation, controlled irrigation could save water 134.4 m3 per 667 m2;the yield of Xindao11 and Xingeng 2 under controlled irrigation was 4.93% and 4.42% higher than that under conventional irrigation, the reason of controlled irrigation to increase yield is it has better spike length, grain number per spike, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight than conventional irrigation. Rice controlled irrigation technology can not only save water resources, but also improve rice yield, achieve cost-saving and efficiency, which is of great significance to the sustainable utilization of water resources.