柳树叶饲料化调制加工技术研究

Forage Processing Technology of Salix babylonica Leaves

为了探索垂柳(Salix babylonica)树叶的饲料化加工技术,在研究6个生育期(展叶期、开花初期、飞絮期、青绿期、枯黄期、落叶期)柳树叶营养物质含量变化的基础上,分别将其调制成青贮饲料,测定并比较不同生育期柳树叶制备青贮饲料的营养物质含量及发酵品质指标,并对枯黄期和落叶期树叶进行添加乳酸菌菌剂青贮对比试验。结果表明,根据原料营养物质判断,展叶期柳树叶营养品质与优质豆科牧草品质近似,但是随着生育期的延迟,柳树叶营养物质含量和饲用价值显著下降。将不同生育期柳树叶直接青贮之后,无品质改善效果,青贮饲料发酵品质差,饲用价值不大。但是,添加乳酸菌菌剂后调制的柳树叶青贮饲料发酵品质得到了显著改善。综上表明,柳树叶如果直接饲喂利用,最好选择在较为幼嫩的展叶期;如果开发利用其他生育期或枯落后的柳树叶,以添加乳酸菌菌剂调制成青贮饲料为好。

The objective of this study was to explore the feed processing technology of Salix babylonica leaves. Firstly, we characterized the changes of nutrient content of Salix babylonica leaves collected in six growth stages (leaf-expansion stage, early flowering stage, catkin flying stage, green stage, withered and yellow stage, and defoliation stage). Secondly, the nutrient content and fermentation quality of the silage products prepared with the leaves in six growth stages were determined and compared, respectively. Thirdly, the fermentation quality of the silage products prepared with the leaves in withered and yellow stage as well as defoliation stage with or without addition of lactic acid bacteria during fermentation process were compared, respectively. The results showed that from the perspective of nutrient content, the nutritional value of Salix babylonica leaves collected in leaf - expansion stage was similar to that of the high-quality leguminous forage;as the extension of growth stage, the nutrient content and feeding value of the leaves was decreased significantly. The silage products prepared with the leaves in six growth stages had no improvement in fermentation quality compared to the corresponding fresh leaves, and their feeding value was poor. However, the addition of lactic acid bacteria significantly improved the fermentation quality of the silage products prepared with the leaves in withered and yellow stage as well as defoliation stage. In conclusion, the Salix babylonica leaves in leaf-expansion stage are recommended to be fed to livestock directly;the leaves in other growth stages are recommended to be used as raw materials for preparation of silage with addition of lactic acid bacteria.