疑是彩笺西蜀来——敦煌写本S.3753和P.4642的书法及来源地考察

The Colored Manuscripts of Dunhuang May Come from Bashu ——A Study on the Calligraphy and Origin of Dunhuang Manuscripts S.3753 and P.4642

敦煌及西域所出纸质文献中,屡有发现临摹或抄写王羲之法帖的残片,说明李唐以来王羲之书法对整个书写文化的深刻影响。敦煌石室所出S.3753和P.4642两件写本,所用都是彩色花笺,内容是王羲之写给当时益州刺史周抚的私人信件,而在书法史上则是赫赫有名的《十七帖》中的《瞻近》《龙保》《旃罽胡桃》诸帖,临写逼真,形神兼备,具有极高的文物、文献、艺术价值。《十七帖》最早保存并流传于成都地区,而成都地区的造纸业素来发达,尤以"薛涛笺"久负盛名。自汉唐以来,成都与敦煌之间的交通往来不曾中断。通过对以上史实的梳理,认为敦煌所出S.3753和P.4642写本,极有可能源自成都,最后流落于敦煌。

In the paper literature of Dunhuang and the Western Regions,there are many fragments of Wang Xizhi’s(王羲之)calligraphy copybook,which illustrate the profound influence of Wang Xizhi’s calligraphy on the whole writing culture since the Tang Dynasty.Both of the two manuscripts of S.3753 and P.4642 found in Dunhuang sarcophagus use colored papers.They are Wang Xizhi’s personal letters to Zhoufu(周抚),governor of Yizhou(益州),which are widely known as Zhan Jin Copybook(《瞻近帖》),Long Bao Copybook(《龙保帖》),Zhan Ji Hu Tao Copybook(《旃罽胡桃帖》)included in Shiqi Copybook(《十七帖》)in the history of calligraphy.Copied in a realistic way and with both "form" and "spirit",they have extremely high cultural relics,literature and artistic value.Shiqi Copybook(《十七帖》)was first preserved and spread in Chengdu area.The paper manufacturing industry in Chengdu has always been developed,especially "Xue Tao’s writing paper"(薛涛笺)has a good long-standing reputation.Since the Han and Tang dynasties,the traffic between Chengdu and Dunhuang has not been interrupted.Combing the above historical facts,we can conclude that the S.3753 and P.4642 manuscripts of Dunhuang are very likely to originate from Chengdu and finally be scattered to Dunhuang.