买卖合同可得利益赔偿限定规则研究

Research on the Limitation Rules of Interests Compensation for Business Contracts

我国《合同法》第113条明确合同可得利益应当得到赔偿,但实践中如何运用可得利益赔偿规则依旧是法院审判的难题。买卖合同中违约可得利益限定规则包括可预见规则、减损规则、损益相抵规则以及过失相抵规则。可预见规则一般以违约方为预见主体,以违约时为预见标准时,以损害类型为预见内容;减损规则的判断标准以主观善意为基础,以一般合理标准为辅助;损益相抵规则要求,当违约给受害方既造成损失又带来利益时,应当从损失赔偿额中扣除其获利之部分;对于过错的判断则需要先行判断损失之避免的可能性,再根据可预见规则判断受害方能否预见过错行为的后果。

Article 113 of China’s Contract Law defines that the benefits of the contract should be compensated,but how to use the available benefit compensation rules in practice is still a difficult problem in the court trial.The limitation rules of available benefits for breach in a business contract include foreseeable rule,derogation rule,counterbalance between loss and profit rule,and negligence offset rule.The authors believe that the foreseeable rules generally use the defaulting party as the foreseeable subject,regarding the time of default as the foreseeable standard time and taking the type of damage as the foreseeable content.The judgment standard of the derogation rule is based on subjective goodwill,supplemented by the general reasonable standard.When the breach of contract gives the injured party both losses and benefits,the profit compensation component should be deducted from the damages.For the judgment of fault,it is necessary to judge the possibility of loss avoidance first,and then judge whether the victim can foresee the consequences of the fault behavior according to the foreseeable rules.