科学证据的诸问题:日本讨论的动向

Study on Several Issues on Scientific Evidence:Trends of Discussions in Japan

日本的警察、大学和民间的研究机构对于法庭科学领域的研究与实践都各有涉猎。在警察之外有专家可以对警察实施的鉴定进行查证及再鉴定,这对于法庭科学的发展至关重要。科学证据是运用科学见解获得的证据,其特征是证据的价值能够通过数值等客观的指标来表现,并具有权威性和信用性。美国道伯特判决确立了科学证据可采性的现实标准,而日本刑事司法中围绕使用科学证据也有诸如科学证据的信用性、科学证据的开示及科学证据再鉴定等诸问题的讨论。

In Japan,police,universities and research institutions have touched upon the research and practice in the field of forensic science.It is crucial for the development of forensic science that identifications and evaluations performed by police are verified and re-identified by experts besides the police.Scientific evidence can be obtained by employing scientific insights.The characteristic of scientific evidence is that value of evidence can be reflected by objective indicators such as numerical values,which is authoritative and trustworthy.The judgment of U.S.case Daubert established the standard of admissibility of scientific evidence.Meanwhile,in Japanese criminal justice,there are also discussions concerning use of scientific evidence,such as creditability of scientific evidence,the discovery of scientific evidence and re-identification of scientific evidence,etc.