国内外城市地下空间资源开发利用的发展和问题

Development and Some Issues on Exploitation and Utilization of Urban Underground Space in China and Abroad

城市地下空间开发利用能够拓展城市发展空间、改善城市居住环境、实现城市可持续发展,对其研究具有重要现实意义。首先,总结国外城市地下空间开发利用概况、特点和功能特色,介绍我国城市轨道交通地铁和地下综合体发展概况,并以南京江北新区和重庆市江北区北城天街城市地下空间开发项目为例,对我国城市地下空间利用进行介绍。然后,阐述城市地下空间开发利用在交通治堵、节能减排、土地和资源开发利用、防汛排涝抗旱等方面的效益和功能,介绍我国城市地下空间开发利用的数字化技术、地下车库建设及基坑、改建、盾构、顶管、沉管等方面的新技术、新工艺。最后,总结我国城市地下空间开发利用的进展,认为我国城市地下空间的开发和利用现已呈现出空间上多层次化和功能上多样化的特征;分析制约其发展的因素(初期投入大、效益空间不够理想、功能特色发挥不够、运营安全和防灾问题以及节能减排与环保问题)及存在的问题,希望我国地下空间开发在视觉美感和对舒适度的追求方面再上一个台阶;并对进一步建设和发展城市地下空间进行思考,提出若干建议。

The exploitation and utilization of urban underground space can expand urban development space, improve urban habitation environment and realize the sustainable development of urban, hence, it is of great significance to made further study on it. Firstly, the utilization, characteristics and function features of urban underground space abroad are summarized, the general developing status of metro and underground complex in China are introduced, and the exploitation and utilization of urban underground space in China is introduced by taking urban underground space development projects in Nanjing Jiangbei District and north end pedestrian street in Chongqing Jiangbei District for examples. And then the benefits and functions of urban underground space in terms of traffic jam governance, energy conservation and emission reduction, exploitation and utilization of land and flood control and drought relief are expounded, and the digitization technology and new technology and new process for underground parking lot, foundation pit, rehabilitation structure, shield, pipe-jacking and immersed tunnel in China are introduced. Finally, based on summarization of development of urban underground space in China, it is pointed out that the characteristic of urban underground exploitation and utilization shows spatially hierarchical and functionally various;the development restraining factors and existing problems of urban underground space development, i. e. big preliminary cost, not enough benefit, not obvious functional characteristics, operation safety,energy conservation and emission reduction and environmental protection are analyzed;and some suggestions for further construction and development of urban underground space are proposed.