苏联时期虚无主义思潮的衍变形态及其历史根源

The Evolutionary Forms and Historical Roots of Trends of Nihilism in the Soviet Era

在赫鲁晓夫执政时期和戈尔巴乔夫执政时期的苏联,分别产生了两次虚无主义思潮。这两次虚无主义思潮的泛滥并非一蹴而就的,而是大致经历了自由主义、否定主义、乌托邦主义、破坏主义以及最高价值的重寻五个衍变形态。苏联时期所发生的两次虚无主义思潮并不是偶然和个别的现象,而是有着深刻的历史根源和文化成因。俄罗斯特有的宗教性,以及社会最高价值的物化和僵化,使得自19世纪后半叶以来虚无主义思潮在俄罗斯频发。研究导致苏联解体的这两次虚无主义思潮的来龙去脉,对于中国特色社会主义事业的发展具有重要的史鉴作用。

During the periods of Khrushchev and Gorbachev in the Soviet Union,there were two nihilistic trends of thought,which did not happen at once,but rather roughly experienced five evolutionary forms of liberalism,negativism,utopianism,destructive thought and re-seeking of highest value.The two nihilistic trends that took place in the Soviet era were not accidental and individual phenomena,but had profound historical roots and cultural causes.The religiousness with Russian features,and the materialization and rigidity of social highest value have made nihilism in Russia happen more frequently since the second half of the 19th century.Studying the ins and outs of these two nihilistic trends that led to the disintegration of the Soviet Union has an important historical reference effect on the development of cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.