基于全渠道设计的众包供应链订单生产决策优化

Optimization of order-driven production decision making in crowdsourcing supply chain with omnichannel design

为了在众包全渠道设计下进行基于供应链的生产,在线下定制设计文献的基础上,结合互联网众包平台的特点,以订单交货期为驱动,将众包线上设计和非众包的线下设计相融合,建立了基于O2O的全渠道定制设计框架,将包含线上和线下的全渠道设计有机嵌入众包供应链下游生产环节中,构建出有产能约束、正常和加班生产时间互补的订单设计生产决策模型。考虑到众包供应链为一种基于“互联网+”的新型供应链,具有互联网思维中强调用户体验和满意度的特点,通过引入拒绝订单机会成本间接反映用户的体验度和满意度,建立了考虑机会成本的全渠道下定制设计与生产扩展模型,并通过蚁群算法对模型进行求解。通过实例分析发现,基于用户体验和满意度的全渠道定制设计的众包供应链生产决策模型,虽然拒绝订单机会增大,但是更能体现出客户参与的体验性,保证了决策的准确性;线上众包设计和线下非众包设计的效果与定制订单规模相关;非众包线下设计订单适合安排在常规时间的期中排产,众包线上设计订单适合在计划期两头加班时排产。

To make supply chain based product with crowdsourcing omnichannel design, on the basis of the literatures, the omnichannel O2O design framework in the presence of order-driven production was developed by combining online crowdsourcing with offline non-crowdsourcing design. In this framework, the production model including capacity and worktime constraints was established. As a new supply chain, crowdsourcing supply chain had the attribute of Internet genes with customer satisfaction and experience, hence opportunity cost arose by rejecting order was introduced the above model to quantify customer satisfaction. As a result, the extended model was constructed. Afterwards, the modified Ant Colony Algorithm (ACA) was utilized to solve the problems. Through the numerical study found that although the extended omnichannel O2O model was more likely to rejecting order, customer satisfaction and process experience could be fully reflected in this model so as to guarantee the correctness of decision-making. In addition, it also found that the efficiency of omnichannel O2O customized-design was highly related to order size. Meanwhile, the order from the offline design was better arranged to produce in regular time shift over the middle period horizon, while the one from the online crowdsourcing design scheduled in overtime shift over the start or end of period horizon.