民事裁判文书说理的反思与重构

Reflection and Reconstruction of the Reasoning of Civil Judgment Documents

民事裁判文书说理应从审查判断证据、认定事实和适用法律等三个方面入手,说出事理、法理、情理和文理。然而,当前我国民事裁判文书说理存在逻辑性不强、抽象化和省略化等问题,在形式上对司法三段论规则的不完全遵守、在实质上对说理内容没有充分论证是其主要原因。对此,须调整说理次序、增强说理逻辑性,利用论题的问题思维发现说理所需的前提及其正当化理由,以"听众理论"预判说理效果。

The reasoning of civil judgment documents should start from three aspects:examining,judging the evidence,ascertaining the facts and applying the law to highlight the reason,jurisprudence,reason and literature.However,at present,there are some problems in the reasoning of civil judgment documents in our country,such as illogical,abstract and ellipsis,the main reason of which is that the judicial syllogism is not fully adhered to in form,and the reasoning content is not fully demonstrated in essence.In this regard,we must fine-tune the order of reasoning to enhance the logic of reasoning,use the problem thinking of the topic to find the premise and justification of reasoning,and use"listener theory"to predict the reasoning effect.