论《史记·殷本纪》对《尚书·商书》的承袭与改造

On Inheritance and Reform of Works Historical Records·Yin Ben Ji to Book of Documents·Shang Shu

《史记·殷本纪》与《尚书·商书》关于殷商时期的具体史实有着一脉相承的关系。司马迁撰写《殷本纪》时,在内容方面对《尚书》的相关史料继承袭用。同时,为了撰史生动之需,司马迁对《尚书》部分史料进行调整与改造,以立言微婉的叙述方式成一家之言;司马迁在刻画人物形象上,运用心理描写、正侧面描写及补缀他篇相结合的方式,使人物形象在《殷本纪》中呈现出发展连贯的态势;在语言层面,汰繁为简。

Book of Documents·Shang Shu and Historical Records·Yin Ben Ji were both derived from the same origin with the specific historical facts so far as the Yin and Shang Dynasties were concerned.When SIMA Qian was writing the book Yin Ben Ji,he inherited the relevant historical materials of Shang Shu in terms of ideological content.At the same time,in order to meet a need of a vivid description of history,SIMA Qian made adjustments and transformations to some historical materials of Shang Shu,whose euphemistic narrative style formed a school of its own.When portraying the characters,he applied the methods of psychological description,positive and lateral description combined with the method of patching other articles,which made the characters′image in Historical Records show a coherent situation of their development;and at the language level,the complex was simplified.