日本战后《教育敕语》拥护论的思想逻辑

The Logic of Advocating the Imperial Rescript on Education in Postwar Japan

作为天皇制国家意识形态核心的《教育敕语》自1948年废止后,日本朝野有关教育敕语问题的讨论从未消歇,而一直持续至今的歌颂和拥护《教育敕语》的言论与著作更是不胜枚举,从中也反映了战后保守思潮的一个侧面。无论是以《教育敕语》为"借镜"的道德纲领,还是为消解敕语不适合民主社会发展状况而对敕语进行的改写,抑或是对《教育敕语》进行的肯定性评价,无不透露出敕语拥护论者的思想逻辑——《教育敕语》仍然是铸就战后日本人精神的重要思想资源。敕语拥护论者在"传统"与"民主"之间找到连接之处,那就是《教育敕语》中蕴含着"普世性"的价值,从而在思想上撇清了《教育敕语》的战争责任。

The Imperial Rescript on Education, as the core ideology of Japan’s imperial system, was abolished in 1948, meanwhile, the disputes over it has never stopped so far. Countless words and works advocating the Imperial Rescript on Education has showed the development of conservatism in postwar Japan. The logics of its supporters, reflected by their efforts in establishing new ethic modes “borrowed” from the rescript, rewriting the rescript according in order to weaken its confrontation with the spirit of democracy and re-evaluating the “positive” aspect of the rescript, is in essence that the rescript is an important resource of reshaping Japanese spirits in the postwar era. The supporters take the concept of “universality”in the rescript as the interlinks between tradition and democracy and, in that way, eliminate the link of the rescript with the war history.