综合医院眩晕/头晕患者病因分析

Etiological analysis of patients with vertigo or dizziness in general hospital

目的总结眩晕/头晕患者常见病因分布特点和构成比,为以后临床实践提供参考。方法回顾性分析2015年5月至2018年10月在阎良区中医院内科就诊的以眩晕/头晕为主诉的住院患者的临床资料,所有患者均按照目前公认的诊断标准进行诊断。分析眩晕/头晕患者常见病因分布。结果符合研究标准的患者795例。795例眩晕/头晕患者病因依次为前庭周围性疾病[包括良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)、梅尼埃病(MD)及前庭神经元炎(VN)]、眩晕综合征、精神性头晕、前庭性偏头痛(VM)、全身系统疾病、前庭中枢性疾病、其他少见原因,构成比分别为66.0%、15.6%、9.6%、2.9%、2.0%、1.9%、2.0%。各类头晕/眩晕常见病因前三位依次为BPPV(57.7%)、眩晕综合征(15.6%)、精神性头晕(9.6%)。年龄病因分层分析显示以40~59岁患者构成比最高,诊断的病种各年龄段以BPPV所占比例最高;眩晕综合征为中年和老年患者的第2病因,精神性头晕为青壮年的第2位病因;眩晕/头晕患者中女性发病例数多于男性,共510例,占64.2%。结论BPPV及眩晕综合征及精神性头晕是最常见的眩晕/头晕性疾病。眩晕/头晕住院患者以40~59岁为就医主体,女性患者较多见。

Objective To summarize the characteristics and compositions of common etiology in patients with vertigo or dizziness, and provide a reference for future clinical practice.Methods The clinical data of hospitalized patients who complained of vertigo or dizziness diagnosed in the internal medicine department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Yanliang District from May 2015 to October 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients were diagnosed according to the currently recognized diagnostic criteria.The distribution of common causes in patients with vertigo or dizziness were analyzed.Results A total of 795 patients met the research criteria.The causes of 795 patients with vertigo/dizziness were perivestibular diseases [including benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Meniere's disease (MD) and vestibular neuritis(VN)], vertigo syndrome, mental dizziness, vestibular migraine, systemic diseases, vestibular central diseases and other rare causes, with the proportion of 66.0%, 15.6%, 9.6%, 2.9%, 2.0%, 1.9% and 2.0% respectively.The top three common causes of all kinds of dizziness/vertigo were BPPV (57.7%), vertigo syndrome (15.6%) and mental dizziness (9.6%).Age-etiological stratification analysis showed that 40-59 years old patients accounted for the highest proportion, and BPPV accounted for the highest proportion in all age groups;vertigo syndrome was the second cause of middle-aged and elderly patients, and mental dizziness was the second cause of young adults.The number of women with vertigo/dizziness was more than that of men, with a total of 510 cases, accounting for 64.2%.Conclusion The predominant three causes for hospitalized patients with vertigo or dizziness are BPPV, vertigo syndrome and mental dizziness.Patients with vertigo or dizziness ranging from 40 to 59 years old are the main body of medical treatment, and women are more susceptible to disease than men.