抗病小黑麦异染色体系的创制与鉴定

Establishment and Identification of Alien Chromosome Lines of Disease-Resistant Triticale

黑麦属作为小麦的三级基因源,具有抗多种病害及耐逆性强等特性,是小麦遗传改良重要的近缘植物之一。本研究利用CIMMYT引进的六倍体小黑麦20090148与普通小麦材料复合杂交,从杂交后代中筛选出了四份遗传稳定、综合农艺性状优良的材料:127-12-2、134-5-1、131-2-3和125-3-1,对其抗病性等性状特点进行鉴定,并利用寡核苷酸探针套进行染色体原位杂交鉴定,以明确其遗传组成。结果表明127-12-2、134-5-1和125-3-1为小麦-黑麦渐渗系,131-2-3为代换系;通过将131-2-3与其亲本进行核型比对,发现其染色体组成。四份小黑麦材料的性状和遗传组成鉴定,将为它们在小麦遗传改良上的进一步应用奠定基础。

Secale, as a third-level gene source of wheat, has resistance to a variety of diseases and tolerance to adverse situations and is one of the important relative plants of wheat genetic improvement. In this study,the hexaploid Triticale 200901489 introduced from CIMMYT was crossed with several commom wheats,and four materials with stable heredity and excellent agronomic characters were selected from their hybrid offsprings: 127-12-2, 134-5-1, 131-2-3 and 125-3-1. The characteristics of disease resistance and other traits were identified. Chromosome in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probe set was used to identify their genetic composition. The results showed that 127-12-2, 134-5-1 and 125-3-1 were wheat-rye introgression lines and 131-2-3 was substitution line. The chromosome composition of 131-2-3 had been found by comparing karyotypes with its parents. The identification of traits and genetic composition of four Triticale materials would lay a foundation for their further application in wheat genetic improvement.