高速经济增长会自动消减贫困吗?——新中国成立70年取得的减贫效果评价

Will High-speed Economic Growth Automatically Reduce Poverty? ——Evaluation of the Poverty Reduction Effect Achieved by the Founding of New China in 70 Years

新中国成立70年来,我国的高增长模式带来了巨大的减贫成就,为世界扶贫开发做出了突出的贡献,但是,与高速经济增长相比,我国经济增长质量不高,还有一定数量的剩余贫困人口生活在贫困线下。我国贫困发生率的下降率正在不断降低,贫富差距在加大,剩余贫困人口的减贫任务极其艰巨。面对新的形势,"滴漏经济学"等西方理论所推崇的高增长可以自动消减贫困的理论缺乏科学的解释力,依靠高增长的"涓滴效应"难以使穷人共享高增长的成果。因此,尽管理论上讲,高速经济增长具有减贫效应,但高速度低质量的经济增长模式难以自动消减贫困,只有通过经济结构调整等方式推进"利贫式经济增长",变高速度增长为高质量增长,才能从根本上消减贫困。

Since the founding of New China in 1949, China's high-speed growth pattern has brought tremendous achievements in poverty reduction and made outstanding contributions to the world s poverty alleviation. However, compared with the high speed of economic growth, the quality of China's economic growth is not high, and a certain number of the remaining poor people still live below the poverty line. At the same time, the impoverishment rate in China is decreasing, the gap between the rich and the poor is widening, and the task of poverty reduction for the remaining povertyis extremely arduous. Faced with the new situation, the theory that high-speed growth can automatically reduce poverty advocated by western theories such as "trickle-down economics" lacks scientific explanation on China's poverty problem, and the "trickle-down effect" of high-speed growth makes it difficult for the poor to share the achievements of high-speed growth. Therefore, it is difficult for high-speed and lowquality economic growth pattern to automatically reduce poverty, in spite of thepoverty reduction effect of high-speed economic growth. Only by promoting "pro-poor economic growth" through economic restructuring and other means, and bypursuing high-quality growth rather than high-speed growth, can we fundamentally eradicate poverty.