习惯形成、收入阶层异质性与我国城镇居民消费行为研究

HABIT FORMATION, INCOME STRATA HETEROGENEITY AND CHINESE URBAN RESIDENTS’ CONSUMPTION

习惯形成是居民消费变化的一个基本特征,收入阶层异质性是居民禀赋差异的主要体现,本文旨在结合两者探究我国城镇居民的消费行为,以探寻扩大居民消费的方法。基于阶层消费函数理论,运用收入阶层面板SUR的结果显示,居民消费具有显著的习惯形成特征,消费行为呈现异质性,表现为低收入居民的消费习惯较弱、消费倾向较高,中等收入居民的习惯较强、消费较谨慎,高收入居民的习惯较强、地位性消费较活跃。当前“金字塔”形的收入分布、不断扩大但谨慎的中等收入居民、地位性消费的外流抑制了城镇居民消费的扩大,居民消费的相对不足主要是结构性问题。应依据各阶层消费的特点,从供给侧出发构建长效机制,促进低收入居民的收入平稳增长,多方面减弱中等收入居民的谨慎性,并提升国内消费品的质量和档次。

Habit formation is one of basic characteristics of residents consumption behavior, and the income strata heterogeneity is the main reflect of the difference of their endowment.In order to explore ways to expand residents consumption, this paper aims to study the consumption behavior of urban residents by combing them.Based on the income strata hypothesis of consumption function and panel SUR, we find that residents consumption shows significant habit formation which shows obvious strata heterogeneity.Specifically, low-income residents have weaker habit motivation and higher consumption propensity, the habit motivation of middle-income residents is stronger and their behavior is prudent, and high-income residents’ status consumption is active.The income distribution structure of Pyramid type, the expanding but prudent middle-income residents and the outflow of status consumption have restrained residents consumption jointly, and the relative shortage of residents’ consumption is mainly a structural problem.We should try to build a long-term mechanism from the supply side according to the characteristics of every income strata, promote the steady growth of low-income residents’ income, weaken the prudence of middle-income residents, and improve the quality and grade of domestic consumer goods.