找回“社会”的自然和神圣维度——以《乡土中国》为例的文本解读

Bring the Natural and Sacred Dimensions Back to “Society”:A Text Interpretation of Fei Xiaotong's Earthbournd China

现代汉语中的"社会"概念往往包罗万象,其含义或宽或窄,或宏观或微观,以至于冠以"社会"一词的"社会学"也因此而"模糊不清"。在个体与世界之关系的意义上,"社会"不仅是人们通常理解的人际关系或组织环境,还包括自然与神圣之维。对"社会"及其各领域的研究,需要顾及这两个常被忽视的面向。费孝通《乡土中国》一书是考察广义"社会"构成的基础文本,以此为例的讨论,有助于理解现代中国的"社会"处境以及社会建设的丰富内涵。探讨"社会"的多重构成,也有助于思考"社会是如何可能的"这一社会科学经典问题。

The concept of"society"in modern Chinese is often all-encompassing,and its meaning is either broad or narrow,macroscopic or microscopic,so that the word"sociology'with"society"also presents a vague face.In the sense of the relationship between the individual and the world,"society"is not only the interpersonal relationship or organizational environment that people usually understand,but also with the dimensions of nature and holiness.Therefore,the study of society and its various fields should take into account these two aspects.Fei Xiaotong's work Earthbournd China is a basic text to study the composition of the broad sense of society,and the discussion on this as an example is helpful to understand the social condition of modern China and the richmeanings of social construction.Discussing the multiple composition of society is also helpful to ponder the classical social science problem of"how society is possible".