中国城市老年人住房产权影响因素的动态变化研究:理论框架和实证分析

Homeownership and Its Correlates over Time among Older Adults in Urban China

住房是衡量老年人生活质量的一个重要决定因素。利用中国住房私有化过程2000-2010年比较关键十年中的三次"中国城乡老年人口抽样调查"城镇数据,考察老年人拥有住房产权的相关因素及动态变化。研究发现,男性老人拥有住房的可能性要比女性老人高,但随着时间的推移,这种差异正在消失;社会经济条件好、子女孝顺程度高、具有城镇户口和党员身份、曾在政府和事业单位工作的老年人拥有较高的住房产权拥有率;居住在地级城市和省会城市的老年人的住房产权拥有率比居住在直辖市或副省级城市或县级城市的老年人高。这些因素在不同时间上与老年人住房产权间的关系虽有一定变化,但变化不大。个人或家庭的社会经济条件、子女孝顺程度、体制和政策等因素对中国老年人是否拥有住房产权具有决定性的影响。

Homeownership is a key predictor of quality of life among older adults. Using three waves of a subset of urban sample with the Urban- Rural Sampling Survey among Older Adults in China, this study aims to examine the associates of homeownership and its dynamics in the period 2000-2010 when China's housing privatization. We find that older men have a higher homeownership rate than older women, yet the gender gap is disappearing over time. Greater socioeconomic resources in terms of higher education, higher financial status, children's higher filial piety, having an urban household status, retired from governmental and public affairs sectors, or a member of communist party are associated with higher homeownership rate. Older adults living in prefecture-level cities or provincial capitals tend to have a higher homeownership rate than those living in provincial, semi-provincial, or county-level cities. Overall, our results indicate that the relationships between these factors and homeownership had a slight change over the period 2000-2010, yet the underlying associations still generally persist, and that individual socioeconomic resources, culture, as well as macro institutional factors and policies could have dominating roles in influencing homeownership of older urban adults in contemporary China.