唐诗一字平仄两读而义有异同问题之八——字音的借读

Character Borrowed Pronunciation in Tang Poems

在具有平仄(上或去)两读而义别的字群中,某些字一类义项的音读有时因用在唐诗律句的特定位置而不合平仄,导致违律;作者既然需用该字的此义,就只有弃用它的本来音读,而借用该字另一类义项在平仄上与之相对的音读,以便吟诵时协调合律。这就是字音的借读。唐诗中使用借读的字计有 24 个。我们把诸字分为平上义别和平去义别两大类,再按诸字的平声义借用仄声(上或去)读和仄声(上或去)义借用平声读的不同情况来论析。借读是唐诗中用字采音方面的特有现象,值得诗律研究者重视。只有理解诸字在唐代的音义关系,才可以准确解释诸字在唐诗中的音义,进而分析唐诗的平仄律式和体格。

Characters with two pronunciationsin leve(l Ping)and oblique(Shang or Qu)tones may have different meanings. The usage of one certain meaning may break the metrics of level and oblique tones in Tang poetry due to its corresponding pronunciation. As a consequence, the other pronunciation is applied as a replacement in order to keep the consistency in metrics. This is called‘character borrowed pronunciation’. Totally, there are 24 such characters in Tang poetry. In this study, these characters are divided into two categories of polysemy of Ping/Shang tones and polysemy of Ping/Qu tones. Further analysis is carried out in the following two aspects: the meaning with level tone‘borrows’the pronunciation in oblique tone and the meaning with oblique tone‘borrows’the pronunciation in level tone, respectively‘. Borrowed pronunciation’is a unique phenomenon in Tang poetry, worthy of additional attention. Only with understanding of the relationships between the meanings and pronunciations established in Tang dynasty will it be possible to accurately explain the meanings and pronunciations of characters in Tang poetry, enabling detailed analysis of the poetry metrics of level and oblique tones.