中美农业保险保障水平和反贫困绩效的“4E”比较

4E comparisons of agriculture insurance security level and anti-poverty performance between China and USA

农业保险对于贫困地区脱贫有重要促进作用。美国农业保险的法律规范、财政补贴、巨灾机制等促进了其保障水平的提高。中国农业保险在财政支持、补贴品种和农业巨灾分摊机制等方面同美国仍有较大差距。"4E"评价法是评价政府绩效管理的基本原则,并在国内外的政府绩效评价中有广泛的应用。基于新公共管理理论的"4E"评价法,构建农业保险保障水平和反贫困绩效指标体系,从经济性、效率性、效益性和公平性四个方面对中美农业保险的扶贫效益进行比较。借鉴美国农业保险的成功经验,从中国农业保险的保障体系、巨灾保障机制、政策精准度和农业保险人才培养等方面,提出有助于提高中国农业保险保障和反贫困水平的政策建议。

Agricultural insurance plays an important role in poverty alleviation in poor areas. The legal norms, fiscal subsidies and catastrophe mechanism of US agricultural insurance have promoted the improvement of its social security level. The agricultural insurance of China still lags far behind the USA in terms of fiscal support, subsidy varieties and agricultural catastrophe allocation mechanism. The “4E” evaluation method is the basic principle of evaluating government performance of management, and has been widely used in government performance evaluation at home and abroad. Based on the “4E” evaluation method of the new public management theory, the agricultural insurance guarantee level and anti-poverty performance index system are constructed. The poverty alleviation benefits of agricultural insurance between China and the USA are compared from the four aspects of economy, effectiveness, efficiency and fairness. Drawing on the successful experience of US agricultural insurance, some policy suggestions are put forward to improve the level of agricultural insurance and anti-poverty in China towards the guarantee system, catastrophe guarantee mechanism, policy precision and training of agricultural insurance personnel in China.