“Go/NoGo”任务范式下乒乓球运动员对发球知觉判断的ERP研究

Event-related Potentials Analysis on Table Tennis Athletes' Perceptually Judging Service Types in the “Go/NoGo” task

目的:探讨优秀运动员在"Go/NoGo"任务中的脑电活动特征。方法:采用经典的"Go/NoGo"任务范式,请15名乒乓球运动员(专家组)和与之相匹配的15名乒乓球专项大学生(新手组),依据3D模拟的包含乒乓球和发球时击球部位的信息结构图片,识别能够发出侧下旋球的图片(Go)并按键做出反应,识别不能够发出侧下旋球的图片(NoGo)不按键(抑制),Go刺激和NoGo刺激的概率相等。试验过程中,采用64导事件相关电位系统(ERPs)记录与分析脑电活动数据,E-Prime2.0软件采集行为反应数据。试验后,采用SPSS19.0统计软件包对行为数据和ERPs成分的潜伏期、波幅等数据进行重复测量方差分析和事后比较。结果:(1)乒乓球运动员识别Go刺激的反应时显著短于专项大学生(P<0.05),反应正确率显著高于专项大学生(P=0.001);(2)乒乓球运动员在2种刺激条件下(Go和NoGo)的N2成分潜伏期不存在显著性差异,但在额区-中央区NoGo条件下的N2成分波幅显著大于Go条件(P<0.05);(3)乒乓球运动员在2种刺激条件下(Go和NoGo)的P3成分潜伏期不存在显著性差异,但在中央-顶区NoGo条件下的P3成分波幅显著大于Go条件(P<0.01)。结论:(1)乒乓球运动员识别发球旋转方式的速度快、准确性高;(2)乒乓球运动员在Go和NoGo条件下,额-中央区、中央-顶区比乒乓球专项大学生均有更大程度的激活,在N2、P3成分上出现了明显的"NoGo效应",即更大的NoGo-N2和NoGo-P3波幅,而乒乓球专项大学生则没有,说明乒乓球运动员抑制功能较强。

Objective:This study was to explore elite athletes’ electrical activity of brain the"Go/NoGo"ask. Method:By using classic"Go/NoGo"paradigm,skilled table tennis athletes(15)and less-skilled college students(15)were compared when they were recognizing side underspin(Go)to press one key and nonside underspin(NoGo)not to press any key(inhibition)according to the 3 D pictures including ball and hitting locations,Go and NoGo stimuli appeared by equal probability. The data on electrical activity of brain were recorded and analyzed by event-related potentials(ERPs)including 64 electrodes,and the behavioral data were recorded by E-Prime2.0 software in the process of experiment. The SPSS19.0 statistical package was used to analyze the above data by the repeated measure ANOVA and Post Hoc Tests after the experiment. Results:1)Table Tennis Athletes’ RT were significantly shorter(P<0.05)and their ACC higher(P=0.001)than college students during recognizing Go stimuli;2)Table tennis athletes’ N2 peak latency didn’t exist significant difference under Go and NoGo conditions,but NoGo stimuli evoked significantly larger N2 peak amplitude locating fronto-central scalp regions than Go stimuli(P<0.05);3)Table tennis athletes’ P3 peak latency didn’t exist significant difference under Go and NoGo conditions,but NoGo stimuli evoked significantly larger P3 peak amplitude locating central-parietal scalp regions than Go stimuli(P<0.01). Conclusions:1)The skilled table tennis athletes could recognize service types more quickly and accurately than the less-skilled college students;2)The skilled table tennis athletes’ brains locating fronto-central and central-parietal scalp regions were activated significantly larger than the less-skilled college students under Go and NoGo conditions and appeared larger N2 and P3 peak amplitude what were called"NoGo effect",however the less-skilled college students were not,that proved table tennis athletes’ powerful Inhibitory Control.