山东蒙山冰川遗迹的类型、特征和年代——答王乃昂教授、李吉均院士质疑

Types, characteristics and dating data of glacial relics in Mount Mengshan Geopark, Shandong Province——An answer to the query from Professor WANG Nai’ang and Academician LI Jijun

鉴于王乃昂教授、李吉均院士等否定了蒙山拦马墙等冰川遗迹的冰川成因,本着学术的辩论是接近科学真相的有效途径,故撰写本文。重点就王乃昂教授在其论文中采用人工采样坑作为地震撞击坑的证据问题、冰川擦痕认知的局限性问题进行了阐述。详细描述了蒙山存在的擦痕、颤痕、新月形裂纹、新月形裂口、新月形凿口、钉头鼠尾擦痕等类型丰富的冰川遗迹,并与四川海螺沟现代冰川槽谷各类擦痕、美国缅因州的颤痕等进行了对比。就争议较大的拦马墙巨石垄的组构特征、形成过程与形成时代进行了研究分析。在此基础上就冰川与洪水、泥石流之间的动力学差异进行了讨论。研究发现,脱离了"冰是固体"这一基本的认知范畴,必然导致泥石流论的泛滥。蒙山类型丰富、形迹清晰的冰川擦痕,为我国第四纪冰川遗迹的研究提供了实物样本。

In view of many articles issued by Professor WANG Nai’ang and Academician LI Jijun questioning the Mount Mengshan glacier relics, this paper is written in the light of that academic debate is an effective way to approach the scientific truth. This paper focuses on two queries in WANG Nai’ang(2017 b&): one is the use of artificial sampling pits as evidence for seismic impact pits;the other is the limitation of recognition of glacial striaes. This paper describes in detail the abundant types of glacial relics, such as glacial striaes, chatter marks, crescentic cracks, lunate fractures, crescentic gouges, nail-head and rat-tail shaped scratches in Mount Mengshan, and compares them with various scratches in the modern glacial trough of Hailuo Valley in Sichuan Province and chatter marks in Maine State, the United States. On this basis, the dynamic differences among glaciers, floods and debris flows are analyzed. It is found that if the basic cognitive category of "ice is solid" is broken away, it will inevitably lead to the flood of debris flow theory. The richness of the types of glacial striaes on Mount Mengshan glacier goes beyond the cognitive scope of some modern glacier researchers, which provides a reference for the study of Quaternary glacial relics in China.