民营经济发展40年:五次争论及其启示

Development of private economy in 40 years:Five debates and its enlightenment

改革开放以来,民营经济在发展过程中遇到过五次大的争论。第一次是在改革开放初期,关于是否允许雇工超过8人。第二次是在20世纪90年代,关于民营经济比重提高是否会影响社会主义性质。第三次是进入21世纪之后,关于是否存在“国退民进”与“国进民退”。第四次是从21世纪头十年一直延续至今,关于如何认识民营经济早期发展不规范问题。第五次是在改革开放40周年前夕,关于民营经济是否已经完成历史使命从而“离场”。可以说,民营经济的每一次飞跃,都伴随有理论与认知层面的深度碰撞。正是通过解放思想形成改革共识,为改革的顺利推进奠定基础。当前要进一步推进民营经济发展,必须再次解放思想,尤其是在基本理论层面实现新的突破。

Since the reform and opening up,private economy has encountered five big debates in the process of development.The first was in the early days of reform and opening up,about whether to allow more than eight employees.The second was in the 1990s about whether the increase in the proportion of private economy would affect the socialist nature.The third is about whether there is a“national retreat and the people’s advance”and“national advance and the people’s retreat”after entering the 21st century.The fourth one is from the first decade of the 21st century till now about how to understand the non-standard problems in the early development of private economy.The fifth is on the eve of the 40th anniversary of the reform and opening up,about whether the private economy has completed its historical mission and thus“left the market”.It can be said that each leap of private economy is accompanied by deep collision of theory and cognition.It is through emancipating the mind that the reform consensus is formed,laying a foundation for the smooth progress of the reform.At present,to further promote the development of private economy,we must emancipate our minds again,especially in the basic theoretical level to achieve new breakthroughs.