收入不平等对企业创新的影响及机制分析——基于机会不平等与努力不平等理论视角

The Influence of Income Inequality on Enterprise Innovation: The Perspective of Opportunity Inequality and Effort Inequality

有效推进中国科技创新发展战略的微观基础是提升企业创新能力,所以本文基于机会不平等与努力不平等理论视角,研究收入不平等对企业创新的影响及作用机制,通过理论分析、实证检验以及异质性分析等方法,有效识别不平等指标对企业创新的影响。研究发现:(1)努力不平等可通过激励企业员工努力工作促进企业创新,机会不平等导致企业人力资本扭曲与错配抑制企业创新能力。(2)实证检验表明,由于努力不平等的促进作用与机会不平等的抑制作用相互抵消,收入不平等对企业创新无显著作用,且机会不平等通过降低社会流动预期和社会信任间接抑制了企业创新能力,其中降低社会流动预期效果更为显著。(3)合理企业结构、健全创新激励制度、财政适度的“有为政府”以及高水平的企业人力资本能够降低机会不平等对企业创新的抑制作用。(4)不平等指标对企业非核心创新影响较大,对企业核心创新影响较小。因此,我国应进一步健全创新产业政策,有效激发企业创新活力。

The dream of science and technology is the premise and guarantee of the realization of China’s dream.The micro-foundation of the promotion of China’s science and technology innovation development strategy is to enhance enterprise innovation.Therefore,this paper studies the impact and mechanism of income inequality,effort inequality and opportunity inequality on enterprise innovation based on the theory of social income inequality.Through theoretical analysis,empirical testing and heterogeneity analysis,the impact of inequality indicators on enterprise innovation is effectively identified.The study found that:(1) The effort inequality encourages enterprises to work hard to promote enterprises innovate,the opportunity inequality leads to distortions and mismatches in corporate human capital to inhibit enterprises innovate.(2) Empirical tests show that because the promotion of efforts inequality is offset by the inhibition of opportunity inequality,income inequality has no significant effect on enterprises innovation,and opportunity inequality can inhibit enterprises innovation by reducing social mobility expectations and social trust.The effect of reducing social mo-bility is more pronounced.(3)Heterogeneity research found that a reasonable corporate structure,a moderate innovation incentive system,a moderately-funded "proactive government" and a high level of corporate human capital can reduce the inhibitory effect of opportunity inequality on corporate innovation.(4)Inequality indicators have a greater impact on non-core enterprises innovation,and have less impact on core enterprises innovation. Therefore,we should further improve China’s innovation support policies and effectively stimulate enterprises innovation.