基于液晶纺丝的有机-无机杂化纤维及其在柔性超级电容器中的应用

Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Fibers Assembled from Liquid Crystals and Their Applications in Flexible Supercapacitors

相比于传统的纺丝技术,液晶纺丝技术使用具有各向异性和高取向的液晶作为纺丝原液,能够制备出力学性能更加优异的纤维,同时也使得石墨烯和碳纳米管等先进材料纤维的制备成为可能。在此基础上进行有机材料和无机材料的结合,能够设计和制备应用于诸多领域的有机-无机杂化功能纤维,柔性超级电容器就是十分具有潜力的应用领域之一。首先介绍了液晶纺丝技术的相关基础知识,阐述了基于液晶纺丝技术制备有机高分子纤维、无机纤维以及有机-无机杂化纤维的研究进展,并且介绍了有机-无机杂化纤维在柔性超级电容器中作为电极材料的应用进展,最后对液晶纺丝和柔性储能器件目前存在的问题和未来的发展趋势进行了分析和展望。

Macroscopic fibers with superior mechanical performance can be prepared by spinning process using anisotropic and highly oriented liquid crystal spinning dope instead of traditional one.This makes it possible to prepare fibers made from novel materials like graphene,carbon nanotube,and so on.Functional organic-inorganic hybrid fibers have been designed and synthesized for application in various areas on the basis of hybridization of organic materials and inorganic materials.Organic-inorganic hybrid fibers have great potential in assembling flexible supercapacitors.In this paper,basic knowledge of liquid crystal spinning technology was introduced firstly.Secondly,recent advances in the synthesis of macroscopic fibers assembled from organic and inorganic liquid crystals,particularly organic-inorganic hybrid fibers spun from liquid crystals,were demonstrated.Thirdly,recent researches of flexible supercapacitors fabricated with aforementioned hybrid fibers as fibrous electrodes were summarized.Finally,problems and future developments in the fields of liquid crystal spinning and fibrous flexible supercapacitors were discussed.