属辞比事与《春秋》宋学之创造性诠释

Word Coupling and Fact Comparison and Creative Interpretation on Song Learning of Spring and Autumn Annals

宋代治经风尚,形成以义理阐发为主轴,兼容并治章句训诂之学。宋儒解读《春秋》,实以汉唐注疏之考据学植其基,充分掌握经典之实谓、意谓、蕴谓诸解释学层次。历代儒者硏治《春秋》的途径大抵为或藉笔削以观义,或按比事以显义,或凭属辞以见义,或原始要终、张本继末以求义。宋、元、明、清《春秋》学四十余大家名家,可作代表。信守属辞比事之《春秋》教,可作为从解释学进阶至诠释学之津筏。《春秋》宋学之形成,盖融合解释学与诠释学为一,于是而有经学义理学、经学性理学之开创与独到。属辞比事之教,又派生为书法、史学、叙事、古文辞诸流别。研治中国叙述传统,由此触发,或可寻获另类之学术生长点。

In Song Dynasty,Confucian classics study was mainly carried out by means of principle explanations, as well as critical interpretations on chapters and sentences. As a matter of fact, the interpretation of Spring and Autumn Annals by Confucians in Song Dynasty was based on the textual research of annotations in Han and Tang dynasties with a good mastery of hermeneutic levels in Confucian classics, including real meaning, meaning and implication. In addition, the study on Spring and Autumn Annals over generations was generally conducted as follows: observing meaning by revision, presenting meaning by fact comparison;discovering meaning by word coupling, exploring meaning by searching for and explaining the origin and outcome, etc., which was fully illustrated by more than 40 representative authorities during the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties. Following strictly the principle of word coupling and fact comparison in Spring and Autumn Annals can be taken as an approach for the advancement of hermeneutics to interpretations. The development of Song Learning in Spring and Autumn Annals is indeed an integration of hermeneutics and interpretations, which brings about the creation and originality of principle explanations of Confucian classics and classical Neo-Confucianism. Accordingly, the study of word coupling and fact comparison further derived a variety of academic schools, such as calligraphy, historiography, narration, ancient Chinese diction, etc. Moreover, the study of Chinese narrative tradition can more or less trigger or find alternative academic growth points.