“中国式”政策试点结果差异的影响因素研究——基于30个案例的多值定性比较分析

Study on the Influencing Factors of the Differences in Policy Pilot Results——Multi-value Qualitative Comparative Analysis Based on 30 Cases

政策试点是中国政策实施过程中的一项重要机制。政策试点结果存在差异。对30个政策试点案例进行多值定性比较分析,探索中央政府、试点地区、非试点地区和政策试点方案四大类因素对政策试点结果的影响。研究发现:缺乏中央政府经费支持、政策试点效果差、地方政府行政压力小和学习动力弱是政策试点夭折产生的必要条件,其发生的典型路径有中央动力缺乏型、地方动力缺乏型和试点效果不佳型三种;发布政策试点的机构数量少即中央机构职责清晰、利益协商一致是政策试点局部推广的必要条件,其产生路径有八种;中央推动力强、政策试点效果好、地方政府行政压力大和政策目标单一是政策试点推广至全国的必要条件,其产生的典型路径有"两地一府一案"型和中央强力推动型两种。

The policy pilot is an important mechanism in China’s policy process,which directly affects the policy’s promotion and implementation. This paper uses multi-value qualitative comparative analysis on 30 policy pilot cases to explore the impact of the four major factors of the central government,pilot areas,nonpilot areas and policy pilot programs on the results of the policy pilot. The lack of central government funding support,poor policy pilots,small local government administrative pressures and weak learning motivation result in the failure of policy pilot. Lack of central power,lack of local power,and poor effect are three paths leading to the failure of policy pilot. Strong central driving force,good effect of policy pilot effect,high administrative pressure on local government,and clear policy objectives are the necessary conditions for the nationwide promotion of the policy pilot. The typical paths generated by the government are "two places,one government and one case"and strong central push.