古代士人的阶层想象及其悖论——基于“回煞”俗信的考察

The Imagination and Paradox of Stratum by Ancient Intellectuals——Based on Folk Custom of Huisha

回煞俗信集中体现出对逝去亲属的恐惧与排斥,冲击了中国古代士人所持的儒家伦理价值观。基于智性与道德的优越感,士人群体有意以"俗"界定回煞及其相关人群,试图将自身置于"俗"对岸的理想世界,从中获得区别于庸众、独立高级的身份维度。士人以儒家品格矫正"俗"世界的使命性作为,主要表现为话语批评与躬行示范两种模式。而士人心态与行为的焦虑和分裂,证明其对"俗"阶层的表述与规训终归是一种话语想象的产物。回煞俗信为认识和揭示古代士人的多维思想世界提供了别具价值的角度。

The folk custom of Huisha,epitomizing the fear and exclusion on the dead relatives,impacted the Confucian ethical values held by ancient Chinese intellectuals. Holding the superiority of wisdom and morality,scholars intentionally defined Huisha and the related people as "su". To distinguish from vulgar and acquire independent and advanced identity,they located themselves in an ideal world opposite. The behavior of scholars with Confucian character to rectify the "su " world was mainly manifested in two modes:contemptuous language and hands-on experience. The anxiety and split of their mentality and behavior just proved that their expression was a product of imagination. The folk custom of Huisha provides a valuable perspective for the understanding and revealing of the thoughts of ancient scholars.