桉树生态营林的理论探索与实践

Theoretical Exploration and Practices of Ecological Management in Eucalyptus Plantations

桉树生态环境问题是世界性难题,迫切需要开展生态营林理论的探索与实践。本文通过系统地研究营林措施与人工林生态服务功能关系的变化规律,分析不同营林措施对桉树人工林生态服务功能的作用机制,并通过桉树生态营林实践,建立起现代桉树生态营林理论体系。文中提出生态营林的定义、生态营林原则和生态营林的理论体系。6年的生态营林实践表明,采取“低干扰、低投入、低污染”的生态营林方式,获得“高产量、高价值、高效率”的营林效果,实现长短结合、一般用材与珍贵用材结合、木材生产与生态服务协同提升的生态营林目标。该理论是解决当今桉树人工林木材生产和生态服务失衡以及生物安全、土壤安全、生态安全问题,实现高质量发展的重要理论基础,对推动我国现代林业高质量发展具有重要的指导作用。

The ecological environmental problem of Eucalyptus is a worldwide conundrum, and it is urgent to to explore and practice the ecological management theory. In this study, we systematically studied the changing law of the relationships between management measures and ecological service functions of plantations, analyzed the mechanism of effects of different management measures on the ecological service functions of Eucalyptus plantations, and established the modern ecological management system through the practice of ecological management in Eucalyptus plantations. The definition, principle and theory system of ecological management were put forward in this study. The 6 year ecological management practice showed that the ecological forest management mode of "low disturbance, low input and low pollution" had achieved the management effect of "high yield, high value and high efficiency", and achieved synergistic improvement of combining length and short rotation, general and precious timber, and wood production and ecological service. This theory is an important theoretical basis for solving the imbalance between wood production and ecological services in Eucalyptus plantations, as well as the problems of biological safety, soil safety and ecological safety, and achieving high quality development. Therefore, it plays an important guiding role in promoting the high quality development of modern forestry in China.