栽培技术对红麻生长及吸收镉的影响

Effects of Cultivation Techniques on Kenaf Growth and Absorption of Cadmium

【目的】研究红麻品种和栽培措施对其农艺性状、经济产量、镉(Cd)吸收的影响,为提高红麻产量并促进红麻Cd吸收的轻简化栽培技术提供理论依据。【方法】设4个因素:品种(A)、播种方式(B)、施肥量(C)和施肥方式(D);各因素设2个水平:A1:C4P7A,A2:R11、B1:条播,B2:撒播、C1:中肥,C2:低肥、D1:基肥100%,D2:基肥60%+追肥40%,共16个交互处理。【结果】A1B2C1D1处理组合的株高、茎直径、皮厚、果序长度等农艺性状均为最优;A2B2C2D2处理组合经济产量为最高,A2B1C2D1处理组合经济产量为最低;A1B2C1D1处理组合的单株鲜茎重和单株鲜皮重为最高;A2B2C2D2处理组合有效株数最高。Cd含量的总体趋势是叶>根>茎皮>茎,A2B1C2D2处理组合的叶Cd含量最高,A1B2C1D2处理组合的茎中Cd含量最高,品种和栽培措施对红麻根、茎皮Cd含量无显著影响。A1B2C1D1处理组合的单株茎和皮Cd积累量和每公顷Cd积累量均为最高。【结论】对于红麻产量来说,有效株数是比单株农艺性状更为重要的决定因素,而播种方式和施肥方式相对于品种和施肥量,对有效株数有显著影响。对于红麻吸收Cd来说,单株农艺性状是比有效株数更为重要的决定因素,而播种方式和施肥量对单株农艺性状有显著影响。对于C4P7A品种,撒播和基肥100%等轻简化栽培技术的增产和促进Cd吸收效果要优于传统的条播和追肥技术。

【Objective】To provide a theoretical basis for simplified cultivation techniques on increasing kenaf yield and promoting kenaf Cd absorption, the effects of cultivar and cultivation measures on agronomic traits, economic yield and Cd uptake of kenaf were studied.【Method】Four factors were designed in this research, which were: cultivar(A),sowing method(B), fertilizerrate(C) and fertilization method(D). And each factor was divided into 2 levels: A 1, C4P7A;A 2, R11;B 1: drilling, B 2: broadcast sowing;C 1: medium fertilizer, C 2: low fertilizer;D 1: 100 % base fertilizer, D 2: 60 % base fertilizer+ 40 % additional fertilizer.【Result】Agronomic traits of seedlings with A 1B 2C 1D 1 treatment, such as plant height, stem diameter, stem bark thickness and inflorescence length, were optimal. The seedlings with A 2B 2C 2D 2 treatment obtained the highest economic yield, while that with A 2B 1C 2D 1 treatment was the lowest. The fresh stem weight and fresh skin weight per plant was the highest with A 1B 2C 1D 1 treatment, while the effective plant number was the highest under A 2B 2C 2D 2treatment. The change trend of Cd content in different organs was leaf>root>stem bark>stem. The highest Cd accumulation of stem per plant and the highest Cd accumulation per hevtace was obtained by the seedlings with A 1B 2C 1D 1 treatment.【Conclusion】For kenaf yield, effective plant number, which was affected significantly by sowing and fertilization methods, was more important determinant than the agronomic traits. For Cd-absorbing of kenaf, agronomic traits, which was influenced by sowing methods and fertilization amount, was an important determinants than effective plant number. For the high yield and Cd accumulation in shoot of C4P7A varieties, some suitable easy and simplified cultivation techniques, such as broadcast sowing and base fertilizer only, is better that the traditional cultivation techniques of drilling and topdressing.