不同种植模式、密度与留果穗数对日光温室番茄生长特性、产量及品质影响

Effect of Different Planting Patterns, Densities and Remaining Fruit Clusters on Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Tomato in Solar Greenhouse

【目的】本文探究了不同种植模式、密度和留果穗数对番茄植株生长及产量和品质的影响。【方法】以番茄“粉宴1号”为试材,设置2个种植模式(A1:双行种植,A2:单行种植),3个密度水平(B1:30000株/hm^2;B2:40500株/hm^2;B3:54000株/hm^2),2个留果穗数水平(K1:3穗果打顶;K2:4穗果打顶),共12个处理。【结果】相同种植模式下,植株株高随着种植密度与留果穗数增加呈增长趋势;茎粗、叶面积的变化呈减小趋势;叶绿素含量显著增大;叶片气孔导度、蒸腾速率及光合速率含量均呈先增后降的趋势。番茄果实中果形指数无显著性差异,但种植模式和密度相同条件下,随着留果穗数增大,可溶性糖、有机酸、可溶性固形物、Vc、糖酸比呈不同趋势变化;色泽参数中的色度角、色泽比等参数能反应番茄果实发育过程中色泽的变化;相同种植模式下,不同栽培密度与留果穗数对番茄产量、平均单果质量、小区平均产量的影响均有显著差异。【结论】适合日光温室番茄生产的适宜种植模式为A1双行种植、栽培密度为B240500株/hm^2、留果穗数为K2留4穗果。

【Objective】This paper aimed to seek the effect of different planting patterns, densities and the remaining fruit clusters on the growth, yield and quality of tomato.【Method】Taking ‘Fenyan 1’ tomato as tested material, the experiments were designed with twelve treatments, including two pattern levels (2 rows for A1 planting;1 rows for A2 planting), three density levels (B1 planting density of 30 000 plants per hm^2;B2 planting density of 40 500 plants per hm^2;B3 planting density of 54 000 plants per hm^2;)and two remaining fruit clusters (K1 with 3 fruit clusters;K2 with 4 fruit clusters).【Result】With the increasing of density and fruit cluster levels, the amplification of plant height was quick trend, the changes of plant stem diameter and leaf area were slow trend, the content of chlorophyll increased significantly, and the leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and photosynthetic all increased then fall. The fruit shape index displayed no significant difference in tomato fruit, however, under the same planting pattern and density, the soluble sugar, organic acids, soluble solids, Vc, and sugar-acid ratio showed different trends with the increase in the remaining fruit clusters. The parameters such as chromaticity angle and color ratio in the luster parameters can reflect the change of color during the development of tomato fruit. Under the same planting pattern, the effects of different planting densities and the remaining fruit cluster on tomato yield, the average weight of single fruit and average yield of plot were all significantly different.【Conclusion】When the suitable production pattern and density for remaining fruit cluster in greenhouse was (2 rows for A1 planting;B2 planting density of 40 500 plants per hm^2;K2 with 4 fruit clusters), the yield was the highest and 95047.2 kg/hm^2.