规训与资本——福柯与布迪厄的权力观探析

Discipline and Capital——An Analysis of Foucault and Bourdieu’s View of Power

自亚里士多德以来,权力问题一直是传统政治与社会理论关注的焦点。与传统权力理论不同,福柯和布迪厄的权力观为我们提供了颇有洞见的备择理论。福柯提出一种现代微观权力观,他指出权力是“关系性”的策略,权力是“生产性”“规训性”的,权力无处不在,且权力与知识为合作共生之关系。布迪厄则发展出了一套关于实践与象征权力的理论,把权力阐释为具有特殊积累法则、运行法则与转化法则的资本形式,并证明了在现代社会,文化资本与经济资本的对立作为一种基本的权力区分机制在发挥着作用。

Since Aristotle,the issue of power has always been the focus of traditional political and social theories.Different from the traditional view of power,Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu’s view provided us with an insightful alternative theory.Foucault proposed a modern micro-power view and pointed out that power is a"relational"strategy,is"productive"and"disciplined"and exists everywhere.Bourdieu developed a theory of practice and symbolic power,interpreting power as a form of capital with special accumulation rules,operational rules and transformation rules.He also proved that the opposition between cultural capital and economic capital plays a role as a basic mechanism for distinguishing power in modern society.