我国服务贸易国际竞争力结构分析

Analysis on structural competitiveness of trade in service in China

运用出口占比和显性比较优势对我国基于BPM6的11类服务行业的国际竞争力进行考察,并采用主成分法对我国服务贸易竞争力的来源进行分析。研究结果显示:我国建筑和制造业服务等传统服务行业的国际竞争力较强,但新兴或高附加值服务行业,如金融服务、知识产权服务、个人文化和娱乐服务等行业的竞争力水平相对较低;与世界服务贸易强国相比,我国服务行业竞争力的源泉主要来自传统服务业,而现代服务业成为整体竞争力不高的拖累;我国个别服务行业竞争力较高并没有纾解我国整体竞争力不高的压力,原因是我国服务类别竞争力排序与相应服务类别国际市场规模排序严重不协调。因此,未来可通过两条路径来提高我国服务贸易竞争力:一是提高国际市场规模较大的服务业的市场占有率,二是不断做大我国竞争力较强的服务业的国际市场规模。

By use of export ratio and RCA,the paper carries an analysis on the competiveness of the service trade structurally on export data based on BPM6,and then explores the main sources of the service strength using PCA.The results show that while the traditional service sectors are relatively competitive in the international market,some new services are weak.Comparing with other economies among the top20 of the world largest service exporters,the more competitive part of the service in China comes from traditional service spectrum and the less competitive part lies on the new,highly value-added service sectors.In addition,mismatch of ranks of service sector’s competitiveness with that of scale of the world service export market also negatively affects the overall competitiveness of service sector in China,which indicates two aspects to improve the country’s competitiveness of service sectors.Firstly,enhance its competitiveness and increase the exports for services with large world market and of which we account for less.Secondly,try hard to enlarge or create new market globally for services at which we are competitive but the world markets are relatively small.