鲁迅翻译思想的“中间物”哲学理据

The Philosophical Motivation of “Intermediate” Consciousness in Lu Xun’s Translation Thought

鲁迅的“中间物”思想,基于社会动荡变革现实、传统与现代文化的历史转型、进化论思想以及尼采“超人”哲学等多重启发下产生,指的是世间一切事物的“中间态”发展过程。“中间物”意识影响了鲁迅翻译思想的形成和翻译实践活动的进行,促使其提出“硬译”主张,重视复译,对文言文加以批判却在翻译和创作中采用文言文与白话文交替使用的语言策略。鲁迅的翻译活动即在“中间物”状态的环节中实现了从归化到异化再到优化的进化历程。

Lu Xun’s translation principles have a lot to do with the“intermediate”consciousness, which was inspired by the social reality of that time, the combination of traditional and modern cultures, the theory of evolution and Nietzsche’s“Superman”philosophy, etc. The“intermediate”consciousness, an“intermediate state”in the developing process of all things in the world, stimulated the formation of Lu Xun’s translation thoughts and his translation practice, especially his claims like“literal”and“hard”translation, retranslation as well as the mixture of criticism and alternate use of classical and vernacular Chinese. The choice and implementation of translation strategies within such “intermediate”consciousness facilitated the transition of translation evolution from naturalization to alienation and then to the optimization of the translation.