民事诉讼专家辅助人意见应为独立证据方法——兼评最高法《民诉法解释》第一百二十二条第二款

Can the Opinion of an Expert Assessor in Civil Litigation Be Employed as Independent Evidence? ——Paragraph 2, Article 122 of the Judicial Interpretation of the Civil Procedure Law

因理论认识偏差和立法定位模糊,特别是司法解释将专家辅助人意见视为当事人陈述,都直接导致司法实践适用专家辅助人制度的混乱。专家辅助人意见符合证据的内涵界定及属性要求,其制度功能独立于其他诉讼参与人。而相关裁判文书中对专家辅助人的表述及其定位,清晰传达了实务界将专家辅助人定位为一种独立诉讼参与人,并赋予其意见独立证据方法的倾向性要求。因此,无论是从学理探究还是对司法实践检视的结果,都表明不应将其视为当事人陈述,而应属独立证据方法。

Because of the ambiguity of theoretical cognition and legislative orientation, especially in the judicial interpretation, the opinions of the expert assessor are regarded as the statements of the parties, which directly lead to the confusion of the expert assessor system applied in judicial practice. The expert assessor’s opinions meet the definition of connotation and attribute requirements of the evidence and its institutional function is independent of other litigation participants. The description and position of the expert assessor in the relevant judgment documents clearly convey the tendency requirement of the practice community to position the expert assessor as an independent litigation participant and give it independent evidence method. Therefore, both the theoretical inquiry and the results of the examination of judicial practice show that it should not be regarded as a statement of the parties, but should be an independent method of evidence.