“怪不得”历史探索

Exploring the Grammaticalization of “guaibude”(怪不得)

在既有的基础上,本文拟对“怪不得”的词汇化和语法化等问题进行考察,同时弥补前人研究未臻完善之处。借凿认知语言学和语法化理论,本文尝试论证表示“不应责怪”的动词“怪不得”,早先是由词组“怪+宾语+不得”在跨层结构上词汇化而成,并进一步发展为表示“醒悟”的语气副词,最后虚化为话语标记。重新分析、类推、语用推理、主观化是“怪不得”词汇化及语法化的主要动因。文章同时指出,“怪不得”的演变路径无须经历关联副词或连词的过渡环节。“怪不得”的语法化有助于我们认识词汇演变的复杂性和丰富性。

The study aims to argue that the verb “guaibude”(怪不得) derives from the result of the lexicalization of the cross-structural combination “guai(怪)+object+bude(不得)” and as a verb,“guaibude”(怪不得) in turn develops into a mood adverb, and finally grammaticalized as a discourse marker through cognitive linguistics and grammaticalization theories. The grammaticalization mechanisms of “guaibude”(怪不得)are reanalysis, analogy, pragmatic inference and subjectivisation. It is further proposed that the grammaticalization cline of “guaibude”(怪不得)does not include a correlative adverb or conjunction. The grammaticalization of “guaibude”(怪不得)helps us understand the complexity and richness of lexical evolution.