政府法制机构与原司法行政机关整合:动因、问题及对策

Integration of Government Legal Institutions with the Former Judicial Administrative Organs: Causes, Dilemmas and Resolutions

考察行政机构的发展历史可知,组织形式多样的政府法制机构已伴随新中国走过了70年。在本轮党和国家机构改革中,之所以政府法制机构会与原司法行政机关整合为新的行政机构,是基于行政机构与法治发展进程的契合、大部门制改革下行政职能的优化配置等动因。然而,新机构在承接政府法制机构的职能后,却会在职责定位、组织机构法治化、行政复议、合法性审查等领域衍生出新问题。为调适好政府法制机构这一板块的职能,夯实新机构统筹法治建设的基础,首先应对原“司法行政”概念作出修正或扩展,并将新机构界定为与原司法行政机关相区别的新司法行政机关。同时,应当从组织与编制的法治建设、行政复议局的重构以及部际关系中合法性审查的适度转让等方面去增强机构改革后的容许性。

By reviewing the history of the development of administrative institutions, we can see that the government legal institutions with various organizational forms have the history for 70 years. In the current reform of the Party and state institutions, based on the combination of administrative organs and the development of the rule of law, under the reform of the large-sector system in optimizing the administrative resource. The government’s legal institutions will be integrated with the original judicial administrative organs into new administrative organs. However, after undertaking the functions of government legal institutions, new problems will arise in the fields of responsibility orientation, organization legalization, administrative reconsideration and legitimacy review. In order to adjust the functions of the legal system of government and consolidate the foundation for the overall construction of the rule of law, the original concept of “judicial administration” should be amended and expanded, and the new institution should be defined as a new judicial administrative organ which is different from the original judicial administrative organ. In the meanwhile, we should strengthen the permissibility of the institutional reform from the perspective of apply the rule of law in the organization and establishment, the reconstruction of the Administrative Reconsideration Bureau and the appropriate transfer of the legitimacy review in inter-ministerial relations.