畜禽养殖废水人工湿地处理技术研究进展

Research progress of treatment livestock and poultry wastewater technologies for using constructed wetlands

近年来,随着规模化养殖场和密集养殖区出现,产生的尿液、饲料残渣、粪便等废弃物无法像传统散养畜禽粪便通过农田利用得到有效消纳,大量粪便污水肆意排放造成严重的环境污染,养殖废水具有高COD、高氮磷的污染特征,工程化的污水处理工艺不仅投资运行成本高,还难以对废水中的氮磷等营养物质加以回收利用。在有土地利用空间的畜禽养殖区域,采用低投入的人工湿地污水处理技术,可实现对畜禽养殖废水的高效深度处理,同时对氮磷等营养成分进行循环利用。比较分析了畜禽养殖废水常用技术方法的特点,综述了国内外关于人工湿地对畜禽养殖废水的处理研究进展。

Recently,with the emergence of large-scale and intensive livestock and poultry industry,the generated waste,such as urine,feed residue and urine, cannot be effectively consumed in the farm like traditional loose-fed livestock manure.The environmental pollution caused by the excessive discharge of large amount of manure sewage has become increasingly serious. The wastewater contains high concentration of organic matter and biological nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient contents. The engineering sewage treatment process not only has high investment operation cost, but also it is difficult to recycle the nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in the wastewater. In the livestock and poultry breeding areas with land use space, low-input artificial wetland sewage treatment technology can be used to carry out efficient and advanced treatment of livestock and poultry breeding wastewater, and at the same time recycle nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. The characteristics of common technical methods for livestock and poultry breeding wastewater were compared and analyzed, and the research progress on the treatment of livestock and poultry breeding wastewater by constructed wetlands were summarized.