填充层芳纶纤维及其与玄武岩纤维复合对防护性能的影响

Influences of Aramid Fibre and Its Compound with Ceramic on Shielding Performance

为了探索高防护性能的防护构型纤维填充层,文中通过超高速撞击试验,研究填充层四种不同芳纶纤维布及分别与玄武岩纤维布作为填充层结构的性能差异。四种芳纶纤维分别是美国杜邦公司生产的芳纶-Ⅱ、国产的芳纶-Ⅱ、芳纶-Ⅲ和PBO纤维布。同时,研究了芳纶纤维和玄武岩纤维的三种不同复合方式对防护性能的影响,分别采用了纤维混编、采用芳纶线缝纫、胶水粘接多层纤维布三种方式。文中防护构型缓冲屏和后墙均为1mm厚铝板、间距121mm,铝球直径5mm,撞击速度4.5~5.0km/s。试验结果表明,填充层结构中相同面密度的芳纶-Ⅲ纤维布拦截碎片云的效果与PBO纤维布相当,优于相同面密度的芳纶-II纤维布;填充层结构中玄武岩和芳纶-Ⅲ的贴紧程度会影响其防护性能,分别采用混编、芳纶线缝纫和胶水粘接的方式均可提高纤维的贴紧程度,由于贴的过紧,不利于纤维填充层结构耗散碎片云动能,造成填充层结构拦截碎片云的性能下降。

Four kinds of aramid fibre and three compound modes of aramid and ceramic fibre are studied by hypervelocity impact tests respectively to probe the fabric layer with higher performance in space debris shield configuration. The aramid fibre includes the Aramid-Ⅱ manufactured in America, the Aramid-Ⅱ, the Aramid-Ⅲ and the PBO manufactured in China. Based on the above test results, the Aramid-Ⅲ is chosen to compound with the basalt. The compound modes include hybrid weaving, affixing the Aramid-Ⅲ and basalt fabric layers with the glue, and sewing them with the aramid thread. The configurations are impacted by the 5mm-diameter Al projectile with the velocities of 4. 5km/ s to 5. 0km/ s. The test results show that the fabric layer containing Aramid-Ⅲ fabric has equivalent shielding performance with the PBO fabric, and they are better than the other two stuffed layers containing Aramid-Ⅱ fabric respectively under the equivalent areal density. The performance of the stuffed layer is influenced by the adhesion degree of basalt and Aramid-Ⅲ fibre. The three compound modes all improve the fabric adhesion degree, however, the over adhesion makes against dissipating the kinetic energy of debris cloud, causing the performance to degrade.