社会支持与高职护理实习生职业倦怠、心理健康的相关性研究

Study on the correlation between social support and occupational burnout and mental health of nursing interns in higher vocational colleges

[目的]探索社会支持与高职护理实习生职业倦怠及心理健康的相关性,为降低其职业倦怠程度、改善心理健康水平提供科学依据。[方法]从宝鸡地区3所高职院校2013级实习生中随机抽取635名护生为研究对象,采用李超平修订的(MBI-GS)中文版、社会支持评定量表(SSRS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)和自行设计的职业相关因素问卷进行调查。[结果]①实习男护生负性职业因素检出率高于女护生(P值均<0.05)。②除客观支持外,男护生支持总均分及其它各维度得分均低于女护生(P值均<0.01),职业倦怠高于女护生(P<0.01)。③男护生在焦虑、敌对和偏执得分高于女护生(P值均<0.05),在人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、偏执4个因子得分高于2009年全国大学生常模(P值均<0.05)。④男女护生除主观支持外,支持总分及其余维度得分与职业倦怠各维度得分呈负相关;男护生人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、偏执四因子得分与社会支持总分及各维度得分呈负相关。⑤回归分析显示家庭收入对职业倦怠预测力最大;独生子女对心理健康预测力最大。[结论]高职护理实习生社会支持低,职业倦怠发生率高,男护生尤为严重,心理健康水平堪忧。

Objective To explore the correlation between social support and occupational burnout and mental health of nursing interns so as to provide scientific basis for reducing occupational burnout and improving mental health level.Methods It randomly selected 635 nursing students in grade 2013 interns from three high vocational colleges in Baoji area as the research object.It adopted Chinese version social support rating scale(SSRS)of LI Chao-ping revision(MBI-GS),symptom self-assessment scale(SCL-90)and self-designed professional related factors questionnaire to investigate.Results 1.the detection rate of negative occupational factors in male nursing students was higher than that in female(P value<0.05).2.In addition to objective support,total average score and all other dimensions in male nurses support was lower than that in female nurses(P value<0.01),and job burnout was higher than that of female nursing students(P<0.01).3.The score of anxiety,hostility and bigotry in male nursing students was higher than that in female(P value<0.05).In four-factor score like interpersonal sensitive,depression,anxiety and bigotry was higher than that in national college student norm in 2009(P value was<0.05).4.In addition to subjective support in male and female nursing interns,support total score and other dimension score showed negative correlation.The score of four-factors like interpersonal sensitive,depression,anxiety and bigotry,total score of social support and the score of each dimension showed negative correlation.5.Regression analysis showed that family income had the most predictive power to occupational burnout.Only child had the most predictive power to mental health.Conclusions Nursing interns in higher vocational college have low social support and high incidence of job burnout,and special seriousness in male nursing interns,and worry about their mental health.