我国合作经济组织的发展困境与立法反思

Dilemma and Legislative Introspection of Cooperative Economic Organizations in China

民法上的合作经济组织是一类互益法人,而在经济法视野下,为了防止合作经济组织的人合性遭受资合性的过度侵蚀,以及促进其社会功能的发挥,有必要对其施加一系列倾斜性保护。改革开放以来,我国各类合作经济组织除农民专业合作社获得一定发展之外,其他类型的合作社要么行将消亡,要么仅保留了合作制的外观,实际已演化为机关法人或企业法人。这既是经济转轨导致合作经济组织发展环境的变化所致,又根源于我国合作经济组织立法的长期缺位。我国未来的合作经济组织立法应当定位于统一立法模式,一方面在《民法总则》法人制度中设立互益法人的专节规定;另一方面则应在《农民专业合作社法》所取得的立法经验基础上,将其扩充修改为统一的“合作经济组织法”。

The cooperative economic organization in civil law is essentially a type of mutual beneficial legal person.From the perspective of economic law,in order to prevent the coexistence of cooperative economic organizations from being excessively eroded by capital,and to promote the development of their social functions,it is necessary to apply a series of tilt protections.The cooperative economic organizations in practice in our country are represented by various types of cooperatives.Since the reform and opening up,except for the development of peasant specialized cooperatives in exploration,other cooperatives either will die away,or they only retain the appearance of the cooperative system and actually have evolved into institutional legal entities or Corporation.This is due to both the changes in the environment for the development of cooperative economic organizations caused by the economic transition,and the long absence of legislation in China’s cooperative economic organizations.In the future,our country’s cooperative economic organization legislation should be positioned in a unified legislative model.On the one hand,we shall establish a special section for mutual beneficial legal persons in the legal person system in Civil Code;on the other hand,we shall expand the Farmer Professional Cooperative Law to a unified“cooperative economic organization law”.