视觉景观保护中的景观正义研究

Landscape Justice in Visual Landscape Protection

环境正义源自20世纪60年代兴起的环境运动与民权运动的汇流。景观正义是环境正义在风景园林领域的延伸,特别通过近些年景观方面的实践和研究,其理论框架逐渐得到丰富。景观正义的基本出发点是认为景观是人类的基本需求,每个人都有权利享受可以促进身心健康的景观资源。而由于经济、历史、文化等各方面原因,现实生活中的景观尚算不上公平正义,因此风景园林师的责任是要在实践中寻求社会正义,实现景观可持续、社会可持续和经济可持续的解决方案。以美国里士满市的滨河景观保护研究为例,剖析如何能将景观正义的理念贯彻在视觉景观保护的公众参与、研究分析和公共决策的过程中,为城市内公共景观资源的分配正义和程序正义作出贡献。

Environmental justice stems from the convergence of environmental movement and civil rights movement that emerged in the 1960s. Landscape justice is an extension of environmental justice in the field of landscape. In particular, through the practice and research of landscape in recent years, its theoretical framework has gradually been enriched. The starting point of landscape justice is that landscape is a basic need of human beings, and everyone has the right to enjoy landscape resources that can promote physical and mental health. However, due to various socio-economic, historic, and cultural reasons, the landscape in real life is often not fair or justice. Therefore, one of the responsibilities of landscape architects is to seek not only solutions for sustainable development of landscape, society, and economy, but also social justice in practice. Taking the James River riverfront scenic landscape protection in Richmond, USA as the focus of a case study, this paper analyzes how the concept of landscape justice can be implemented in the process of public participation, research analysis, and public decision-making of visual landscape protection, in order to contribute to the distributive justice and procedural justice of public landscape resources in the city.