避暑山庄仿西湖探析

Study on the Imitation between Chengde Summer Resort and Hangzhou West Lake

在现状对比和文献考证的基础上,首先从康乾二帝南巡及避暑山庄营建的时间轴分析避暑山庄写仿杭州西湖的背景,然后从选址和山水关系特别是水系形态分析避暑山庄与杭州西湖在大总体环境和景点分布上的相似性;而后从选址、布局、要素、意境等方面具体比较万壑松风与凤岭松涛等5组景点,分析它们的异同以及避暑山庄中景点对西湖相应景点的写仿方式。研究认为,清代避暑山庄与西湖在山水构架、景点选址、布局和意境营造等方面存在一定的相似性,其部分景点在不同程度上借鉴了西湖的相应景点,同时根据立地条件作了相应的再创造,体现出对写仿对象的深入认识和灵活应用。

Based on field surveys and archival research on Chengde Summer Resort and Hangzhou West Lake, the paper analyzes the background of the imitation between Chengde Summer Resort and Hangzhou Westlake from the time lines and routes of Kangxi Emperor and Qianlong Emperor's southern patrol and Chengde Summer Resort's construction, then analyzes the similarity of their locations and water systems, then compares 5 pairs of scenic spots such as Wanhesongfeng and Fenglingsongtao from the geographical environment, layout, landscape element and artistic conception, and compares their similarities and differences, and the way the scenic spots imitating comparable ones in Hangzhou West Lake. The study suggests that the two cases are similar in the whole topography, water system, layout, and artistic conception, and on the other side, a series of scenic spots of Chengde Summer Resort imitate the forms of comparable scenic spots in Hangzhou West Lake, and recreate new artistic conceptions under practical conditions, and all of above effects deep understanding and flexible application of the designers and builders.