美国贸易逆差与产业国际竞争力——基于全球价值链分工视角的研究

U.S.Trade Deficit and Industrial International Competitiveness:A Global Value Chain Perspective

美国货物贸易逆差总体规模呈扩大趋势,服务贸易则一直表现为顺差。因统计方法不同,导致逆差总量存在差异。2000~2014年,以增加值核算的美国贸易逆差小于传统统计方法核算的贸易逆差。实证分析发现,美国多数产业处于全球价值链分工中相对优势的地位,以知识密集型和资本密集型为代表的产业具有明显的比较优势,国际竞争力处于上升态势。对增加值核算下美国贸易逆差和各产业在全球价值链分工地位和竞争优势的研究证实,美国持续贸易逆差并未致其产业国际竞争力下降。

The overall scale of the U.S.trade in goods deficit has been expanding,and trade in service has been showing a surplus.Due to different statistical methods,there is a difference in the total amount of trade deficit.From 2000 to 2014,the U.S.trade deficit calculated by added value was smaller than the trade deficit calculated by traditional statistical methods.An empirical analysis found that most industries in the United States are in a comparative advantage in the global value chain division.Firms in knowledge-intensive and capital-intensive industries have obvious comparative advantages with rising international competitiveness.The study of the U.S.trade deficit and the division of labor and competitive advantage of various industries in the global value chain under the added value accounting confirmed that the U.S.trade deficit has not caused a decline of its international competitiveness.