短道速滑个人项目体力分配策略研究

Research on Pacing Strategy of Short Track Speed Skating Individual Events

目的:探析短道速滑个人项目两届冬奥会及冬奥会与世锦赛体力分配策略规律差异。方法:收集整理索契、平昌冬奥会,以及2014—2017年世锦赛短道速滑个人项目相关数据,分析单圈用时、肯德尔相关系数。结果:(1)冬奥会各单项单圈用时不同程度地少于世锦赛,平昌不同程度地少于索契;(2)除2016世锦赛500m,其他赛事均全程具有显著相关(P<0.05);(3)除索契冬奥会女子1000m,其他赛事均较早出现显著相关(P<0.05),平昌冬奥会男子与女子均在第7、8圈为高相关(r≥0.70);(4)平昌冬奥会1500m男子第12、13圈,女子第13圈为高相关(r≥0.70),两者均从第9圈开始出现显著相关(P<0.05)。结论:500m出发位置尤为重要,高速滑行中稳固站位能力需求突出,冬奥会中对全程维持速度能力的要求逐步提高;冬奥会1000m与1500m比赛争夺有利位置战术的实施位置较以往更为靠后。

Objective:This paper explores the differences of the physical distribution strategies between the two Winter Olympic Games and the World Championships in the short track speed skating individual events.Method:Data on individual events of short track speed skating in Sochi,PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games and 2014-2017 World Championships were collected and analyzed,and Kendall correlation coefficient of single lap time was analyzed.Results:(1)Less time was used in each single lap in each event of Winter Olympics than in the World Championships;Less time is used in each single lap in each event of PyeongChang Winter Olympics than in Sochi Winter Olympics;(2)Except for the 2016 World Championships,all other events had significant correlation(P<0.05)in all laps;(3)All events presented correlation relatively early except for Sochi Winter Olympics.High correlation(r<0.70)appeared in the 7th and 8th lap of men's and women's 1 000 m in PyeongChang Winter Olympics;(4)Significant correlation(P<0.05)appeared from the 9th lap in men's 1500 m and women's 1 500 m in PyeongChang Winter Olympic Games;High correlation(r<0.70)appeared in men's 12th lap and 13th laps and women's 13th lap.Conclusion:The starting position of 500 m is particularly important,and the requirement of maintaining stable ability in high-speed skating is outstanding.The requirement of maintaining speed ability in whole game of Winter Olympic Games is gradually increased,and the advantageous position in 1 000 m and 1 500 m in the Winter Olympic Games is more backward than before.