上海“体教结合”举措下竞技体育后备人才“学生-运动员”双重角色的认同、冲突与转化

Identification, Confrontation and Transformation of the Dual Role of "Student-athlete" for Competitive Sports Reserve Talent under the "Combination of Sports and Education" in Shanghai

“体教结合”是解决当前我国竞技体育发展问题的重要途径和举措。传统的体育后备人才培养模式只重视专项体育技能的发展而忽视了文化教育的重要性,不利于个体的全面发展。“体教结合”更重视人的全面发展,体育与教育的融合,使得竞技体育人才逐渐从运动员这一单一角色向“学生-运动员”双重角色转变。研究以角色认同为切入口,探讨上海“体教结合”举措下,角色的转变对体育竞技后备人才的影响。选取上海体育学院中国乒乓球学院少年班学员作为“学生-运动员”样本,选取国家乒乓球青年队及部分省市队队员作为职业运动员样本,使用结构化心理测量工具,对比两类受访者在运动与学业上的角色认同、心理倦怠与动机变量的差异。得出:在上海“体教结合”举措下,竞技体育后备人才认同“学生-运动员”双重角色,他们在学业任务中的卷入程度更高;双重角色使运动员在运动任务与学业任务上的主观价值感存在差异,表现出双重角色之间的冲突,但对个体的整体人生规划并不冲突;双重角色之间的转化,对于“学生-运动员”的心理健康存在促进效应。

"Combination of Sports and Education"is an important way and measure to solve the current problems of competitive sports development in China.Traditionally,the training model of sports reserve talent only pays attention to the development of special sports skills and ignores the importance of cultural education,which is not conducive to the overall development of individuals."Combination of Sports and Education"pays more attention to the all-round development of people.The integration of sports and education makes competitive sports talents gradually change their single role of being athletes to their dual role of being"students-athletes".The study takes role identification as the entry point and explores the impact of the transformation of roles on sports reserve talents under the"Combination of Sports and Education"initiative in Shanghai.The junior team of the China Table Tennis College of Shanghai University of Sport were selected as the sample of"student-athlete".The youth team of national table tennis and some provincial and municipal team members were selected as representative samples of professional athletes.The structured psychological measurement tools were used to compare the difference of the two types of interviewees in terms of role identification,mental burnout and motivational variables in sports and academics.It is concluded that under"Combination of Sports and Education"initiative in Shanghai,competitive sports reserve talents recognize the dual role of"student-athlete",and their involvement in academic tasks is higher.The dual role makes athletes feel the value difference between sports and academics,thus suffering confrontation while transforming between the two roles,which,however,does not influence the overall life planning of individuals.The transformation between the dual roles has a positive effect on the mental health of the"student-athlete".