对高强度功能训练商业案例的科学审视——CrossFit体系介绍与研究综述

A Scientific Review on a Business Case of High-Intensity Functional Training——System Introduction and Research Summary of CrossFit

高强度功能训练(high-intensity functional training,HIFT)是近年来兴起的一种热门健身方式,CrossFit(CF)是世界上发展最快的HIFT的商业载体之一。本文回顾了CF的起源与发展,介绍并审视了CF经营和训练体系,综述了CF训练导致的伤病以及CF训练对生理和心理的影响。CF在十几年间风靡全球与其以教练认证、加盟和赛事为核心的商业体系和以全面强健理念、功能性动作和高强度为核心的训练体系密切相关,其在商业模式和训练体系上存在的不足则引发了对该训练的安全性和科学性的担忧。有限的研究发现,CF训练的损伤率与其他非接触性运动相当,CF训练相关的生理学研究较少,现有研究中基于流行或专门制定的每日训练计划可否代表CF训练有待商榷,CF训练对人体生理和心理特征的影响也有待更多的研究。CF在我国的发展面临诸多本土化问题。

High-intensity functional training(HIFT)is a popular fitness method that has emerged in recent years.CrossFit(CF)is one of the fastest growing commercial carriers of HIFT worldwide.Through reviewing the origin and development of CF,this paper introduces and inspects the CF management and training system,then reviews the injuries caused by CF training,as well as the physiological and psychological effects of CF training.CF has been become a global phenomenon in the past decade or so with its business system centered on coach certification,affiliation and competition,and its training system centered on the concept of comprehensive sturdiness,functional movements and high-intensity.CF raises concerns about its training safety and scientificity due to its deficiency in business model and training system.Limited research has found that the injury rate of CF training is comparable to other non-contact sports.There are few physiological studies related to CF training.Whether can popular or specially formulated daily training programs in existing researches represent CF training remains to be discussed.CF training’s impacts on human physiological and psychological characteristics need further research.The development of CF in China faces many localization problems.