男子足球比赛进球特征分析研究——以第17～21届世界杯足球赛为例

Analysis of the Characteristics of Goals in Men’s Football Matches ——Taking the 17th～21st of Football World Cup as Example

运用文献资料、录像观察、数据统计以及比较分析等方法,以第17~21届世界杯足球赛决赛阶段的320场共计793个进球为例,对男子足球比赛的进球特征进行分析和研究。结果表明:在近5届世界杯足球赛中,到第19届世界杯时进球数降至最低,到第20届世界杯进球数有所增长,且小组赛的进球数远高于淘汰赛的进球数;第二区域是最佳进球区;终场前15min是进球率最高的一个时间段;进球方式有很多,但抢点射门依旧是最主要的进球得分方式;前锋进球所占的比例最大,且当前前锋与进攻型中场队员划分不明确,更多地需要位置全能型队员;脚射依然是最主要的射门方式,头球技战术的发展也已成型且广泛用于比赛中;中路进攻和定位球进攻是当前重要的进攻方式;6次以上传接球进球率较低,“直接打法”是进攻战术发展的主流趋势。

Taking 793 goals in 320 games at the final stage of the 17th to 21st Football World Cup as example,the paper analyzes and studies the characteristics of the goals in men’s football matches using the methods of literature,video observation,data statistics and comparative analysis ect.The results of the matches of five Football World Cup show that the number of goals scored in the 19th World Cup was the least,but it had increased in the 20th World Cup,and the number of goals scored in the group stage was much higher than the number of goals in the knockout.The second region is the best scoring region;the15 minutes before the final is the time period with the highest scoring rate.Although there are many ways to score,it is still the most important way to grab a ball.The score of the striker in the whole game is the largest,but the division between the striker and the offensive midfielder is not clear,so the all-rounder is more needed.Foot shot is still the most important way in football,but with the development of heading techniques,it has also been formed and widely used in competitions.At present,the main offensive methods of football matches are the middle road attack and positioning ball attack.The main trend in the offensive tactics of football matches is“direct play”,because more than 6 passes will result in a lower scoring rate.