损失情境下社会困境中的合作行为

Cooperation in Social Dilemmas in Loss Context

既往社会困境的研究表明,人们能够做出牺牲个人利益而维护他人或集体利益的亲社会合作行为,且这种合作行为表现出一定的直觉自动性特点。然而,既往研究中的社会困境往往置于正向的收益情境中,本研究在经典公共物品困境与公共资源困境的基础上,通过操纵个体利益与集体利益冲突标的的效价,设置出损失情境下的公共物品困境与公共资源困境,系统探究了个体在损失情境下社会困境中的亲社会合作行为及其特点。结果发现,即使是在损失情境下的社会困境任务中,被试依然表现出了较高的合作行为水平,但较收益情境下合作水平略低;此外,损失情境下的合作行为同样表现出直觉自动性的特点。本研究为社会困境中合作行为的广泛存在及其直觉自动性特点提供了新的证据。

Previous studies have revealed that people were willing to sacrifice personal interests to keep cooperation in social dilemmas,and this prosocially cooperative behavior seemed to be an intuitive response.However,social dilemmas in previous studies were often in the gain context,in which people have to decide whether or not to reduce individual gains in order that others or group get more gains.Based on classic social dilemmas tasks,this study sought to investigate cooperative behavior and its characteristic in social dilemmas in the loss context.We found that participants showed higher level of cooperative behavior in both contexts,and they cooperated more in the gain context than in the loss context;in addition,time stress upgraded the level of prosocially cooperative behavior in both contexts.These findings added new evidence to the argument that prosocially cooperative behavior in social dilemmas was widespread and it was an intuitive response.