社会关系、心理健康水平与老年人主观幸福感改进——基于CGSS2015数据的实证分析

Exploration of The Source of Elderly People’s Subjective Well Being from The Perspective of Social Relations Based on CGSS2015

城乡人口流动和家庭规模缩小加剧了老年人社会关系的单一化,加之可能面对失独、丧偶的极端情况,使得老年人陷入更为艰难的生活状态.基于CGSS2015年度数据对社会关系与老年人主观幸福感的关系开展实证分析,结果显示:夫妻、代际、邻里和亲戚关系对老年人主观幸福感具有显著影响;夫妻和代际关系对主观幸福感具有交互影响;加入社会关系后,受教育程度不再与主观幸福感显著相关;心理健康水平对主观幸福感的影响远高于身体健康水平所带来的影响.因此,未来应重视老年人的心理健康,并通过加强邻里之间的互动关系等方式丰富老年人社会关系,实现老年人主观幸福感的提升.

The migration of urban and rural population and the shrinking of family size have intensified the simplification of social relationship of the elderly people. In addition, the elderly may face the extreme situation of being separated and widowed, which makes them fall into a more difficult living alone. Based on the data of 2015 Chinese General Social Survey ( CGSS 2015 ),this article empirically analyzed the effects of social relations on subjective well-being of the elderly. The results showed that: the relationship between husband and wife, intergenerational relationship, neighborhood relationship and relative relationship had a significant impact on the subjective well-being of the elderly;the relationship between husband and wife and intergenerational relationship had an interactive effect on the subjective well-being of the elderly;after joining various social relationships, the education is no longer have a significant correlation with subjective well-being;the influence of mental health on subjective well-being of the eld? erly is far exceeds than that of physical health. In summary, it is proposed that happiness can be improved by strengthening the interaction between the elderly people and their neighbors, and the society shall pay more attention to the mental health of the elderly in the future.